Phenol sensitivity is a relatively common issue observed in some individuals on the autism spectrum, as well as in those with ADD/ADHD and certain behavioral or neurological conditions. In some cases, phenol sensitivity may also contribute to symptoms in individuals with chronic migraines, mood disorders, or other neurological challenges.
Phenols are naturally occurring chemical compounds found in many foods, especially deeply colored fruits and vegetables. While these foods can be healthy for many people, some individuals have difficulty properly breaking down and eliminating phenols. When this occurs, phenols may accumulate in the body and potentially contribute to behavioral or physical symptoms.
What Are Phenols?
Phenols are chemical compounds found naturally in many foods and plants. They are also present in many artificial additives, flavorings, and colorings used in processed foods.
Related compounds with similar effects include:
- Salicylates (naturally occurring chemicals found in certain foods and in aspirin)
- Amines (chemical compounds present in aged or fermented foods)
- Artificial food dyes and preservatives
For individuals who have difficulty metabolizing these compounds, consuming high levels of phenols may contribute to symptoms such as:
- Hyperactivity
- Irritability
- Agitation or aggression
- Difficulty concentrating
- Sleep disturbances
- Digestive discomfort
Some children may also develop physical signs after eating phenol-rich foods, including:
- Dark circles under the eyes
- Red or flushed cheeks
- Red ears
- Sudden behavioral changes
These symptoms do not occur in every child but can sometimes serve as clues that phenol sensitivity may be present.
Why Some Children React to Phenols
One reason phenol sensitivity may occur is related to how the body processes certain chemicals through a detoxification pathway known as sulfation.
The body uses enzymes such as phenol sulfotransferase (PST) to help break down phenols and related compounds. This process requires adequate levels of sulfate, which is used to neutralize and eliminate these substances.
Some children with autism may have reduced sulfation capacity or lower sulfate levels, making it harder for the body to process phenols efficiently. When phenols accumulate faster than the body can eliminate them, symptoms may appear.
Supporting healthy detoxification pathways and reducing exposure to high-phenol foods or additives may help some individuals.
Foods That Contain Higher Levels of Phenols
The following lists provide general examples of foods that may contain varying amounts of phenols.
High Phenol Foods
- Apricots
- Berries (strawberries, blueberries, blackberries)
- Cherries
- Oranges
- Tangerines
- Pineapple
- Red grapes
- Plums
- Tomatoes
- Peppers
- Mint
- Olives
- Tannins (found in red wine)
Moderate Phenol Foods
- Apples
- Broccoli
- Carrots
- Grapefruit
- Lettuce
- Mangos
- Onions
- Peaches
- Spinach
- Watermelon
- Many nuts and seeds
Lower Phenol Foods
- Bananas
- Cabbage
- Celery
- Pears
- Potatoes
- Oils and fats
- Simple sugars
It is important to remember that every child is different. Even foods considered low in phenols may trigger reactions in some individuals.
Other Substances That May Act Like Phenols
Certain artificial ingredients may produce similar reactions in sensitive individuals. Examples include:
- FD&C artificial food dyes
- Aspartame
- Artificial or “natural” flavorings
- BHA and BHT preservatives
- Hydrolyzed vegetable proteins
- Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
- Corn syrups
- Aspirin (salicylates)
The Feingold Association has published helpful resources and lists related to food additives and sensitivities.
Strategies That May Help with Phenol Sensitivity
Managing phenol sensitivity often involves a combination of dietary adjustments and metabolic support.
Dietary Approaches
- Reducing or rotating high phenol foods
- Avoiding foods with artificial colorings and additives
- Observing and tracking individual food reactions
Keeping a food and behavior journal can sometimes help identify patterns.
Enzyme Support: No-Fenol® (New Beginnings)
This digestive enzyme supplement is designed to help break down phenol compounds found in foods.
Suggested use: 1–2 capsules or 2–3 chewable tablets with meals or snacks.
Supporting Sulfate Levels: Epsom Salt Cream (New Beginnings)
Magnesium sulfate absorbed through the skin may help support sulfate levels.
Suggested use: Apply approximately 1 teaspoon to the skin (inner forearm, thighs, or abdomen) twice daily.
Epsom Salt Baths
Epsom salt baths are sometimes used to support detoxification pathways.
Suggested use:
- Add 1–2 cups of Epsom salt to bathwater
- Allow the child to soak for about 20 minutes
Some families also add ½ cup of baking soda to the bath.
Molybdenum Support: Liquid Molybdenum (New Beginnings)
Molybdenum is a trace mineral that helps support sulfur metabolism and detoxification pathways.
Suggested use: approximately 5 drops daily.
Important Reminder
Phenol sensitivity varies widely from person to person. What causes symptoms in one child may not affect another child at all. Identifying sensitivities often requires careful observation and individualized adjustments.
Parents should always work with a qualified healthcare practitioner when making significant dietary or supplement changes.
Important Disclaimer
The material contained within this document is not intended to replace the services and/or medical advice of a licensed healthcare practitioner, nor is it meant to encourage the diagnosis or treatment of disease. This material has not been reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is provided strictly for educational purposes.
Health Training Associates (and its associates and affiliates) does not accept legal responsibility for any problems arising from experimentation with the information described herein. Any application of suggestions set forth in this document is at the reader’s discretion and sole risk. Implementation or experimentation with supplements, herbs, dietary changes, medications, or lifestyle modifications should always be discussed with your (or your child’s) personal physician before beginning.